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What Is AI Security?

AI security is the practice of protecting AI systems, data, models, and agent workflows from misuse, manipulation, and unauthorized access.

Why it matters

AI expands the attack surface through prompts, retrieval layers, third-party models, plugins, and autonomous decisions. Security controls must now cover both classic application risks and AI-specific failure modes.

  • Prompt injection and instruction override
  • Data leakage through prompts and outputs
  • Excessive agent permissions and tool abuse
  • Untrusted model and dependency supply chain

Core controls

Effective AI security combines governance and technical guardrails.

  • Strong identity and least privilege
  • Input/output filtering and policy checks
  • RAG trust boundaries and source validation
  • Monitoring, logging, and incident response
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